RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Relation between the abilities of word finding and reading. AIM: Application of a word finding test to the discourse of two groups of adolescents which differed in their abilities to comprehend written texts. METHOD: Application of the Test of Word Finding Discourse in 20 participants (group 1 = 10 e group II = 10). RESULTS: There was no difference between the groups regarding the global word finding index; as for specific behaviors, word substitution was statistically significant and did differentiate the groups; as for the comparison with American standards, the use of unspecific words was statistically significant; the expected linear decrease for all of the behaviors was not observed. CONCLUSION: A linear and reciprocal relation between word finding and difficulties in reading does not exist.
Tema: relação procura de palavras e leitura. Objetivo: aplicação de um teste de procura de palavras no discurso em dois grupos de adolescentes, diferenciados pela habilidade emcompreensão de leitura. Método: aplicação do teste em 20 participantes (grupo I = 10 e grupo II = 10). Resultados: quanto ao índice global de procura de palavras, os grupos nãose diferenciaram; quanto à utilização de comportamentos específicos, a substituição de palavras foi estatisticamente significante e diferenciou os grupos estudados; quanto à comparação com o padrão americano, o comportamento utilização de palavras inespecíficas foi estatisticamente significante não houve o decréscimo linear esperado para todos oscomportamentos. Conclusão: não há uma relação linear nem recíproca entre a procura de palavras e a dificuldade de leitura.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Leitura , Semântica , Testes de Linguagem , Transtornos da Linguagem/diagnóstico , Anomia/diagnóstico , Análise de Variância , Compreensão , Distúrbios da Fala/diagnósticoRESUMO
Background: Gingival overgrowth is a common side effect following the administration of cyclosporin A (CsA). The pathogenesis of this condition is not fully understood; however, recent studies show that CsA regulates the transcription of several cytokines including transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1). The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of TGF-ß1 in the pathogenesis of CsA-induced gingival overgrowth, exploring a possible autocrine stimulation of TGF-ß1 as a cellular regulator of synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and its tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). Methods: Gingival fibroblasts from human normal gingiva were incubated with increasing concentrations of CsA, cultured for 24 hours, and the expression and production of TGF-ß1 determined by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. MMP and TIMP mRNA expression levels were also analyzed by RT-PCR. To determine the effect of TGF-ß1 on the expression of MMP and TIMP by human gingival fibroblasts under CsA treatment, human gingival fibroblast cultures were treated with sense oligonucleotides (SON) or anti-sense oligonucleotides (AON). Results: CsA simultaneously stimulated TGF-ß1 expression and production and inhibited expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 by human gingival fibroblasts, whereas CsA has a slight effect on TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression. AON reduced TGF-ß1 production as demonstrated by ELISA, whereas TGF-ß1 mRNA expression levels were not significantly modified. The inhibition of TGF-ß1 production by AON modulated MMP expression, demonstrating the autocrine inhibitory effect of TGF-ß1 in CsA-treated human gingival fibroblasts. Conclusions: The data presented here suggest that TGF-ß1 in an autocrine fashion may contribute to a reduction of proteolytic activity of human gingival fibroblasts in CsA-induced gingival overgrowth, which favors the accumulation of extra-cellular matrix